PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Subject:
Agricultural Science
Class:
SS 3
Term:
Second Term / 2nd Term
Week:
Week 3
Topic:
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
Previous Knowledge: The pupils have previous knowledge of
ROUTINE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES OF FARM ANIMALS
that was taught in their previous lesson.
Behavioural Objectives : At the end of the lesson, learners will be able to
- Define Diseases of animals
- List the classification of animal diseases
- Mention the susceptibility and resistance of some farm animals to disease
- Mention the factors that could predispose animals to diseases
Instructional Materials
- Wall charts
- Online Resource
- Textbooks
- Laptop
- Crop samples
- Pictures
- Internet
- Flash cards
- www.edudelighttutors.com
Methods of Teaching
- Role modelling
- Questions and Answers
- Explanation
- Discussion
- Recitation
- Imitation
- Story Telling
- Dramatization
WEEK THREE
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT
LIVESTOCK DISEASES
Diseases in animal means any condition in which there is deviation from normal state of health or when there is any interference with the body processes which will make its body not to function in a normal way. This always give rise to ill health, which do not allow the animal to perform less in areas of live weight gain, milk production, work done in case of work animals, egg or wool production etc.
Animal diseases are generally caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and malnutrition.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL DISEASES
On the basis of organisms that cause diseases, the prevalent diseases of livestock can be grouped into
1. Viral diseases
2. Bacterial diseases
3. Fungal diseases
4. Protozoan diseases
and
5. Malnutrition or metabolic disorder.
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO DISEASES
This refers to a condition in which the animal is easily attacked or infected by disease.
FACTORS THAT COULD PREDISPOSE ANIMALS TO DISEASES
The factors which help in initiation and continuation of disease condition include:-
1. Health status of the animal:- Animals that are unhealthy can easily get infected more than those healthy animals.
2. The farm environment:- Dirty and unhygienic environment could easily predispose animals to diseases.
3. Nutrition:- Animals that are not fed properly in terms of quality and quantity can easily be infected by diseases.
4. Management:- Animals that are not properly managed in terms of administration of drugs and vaccines appropriately could easily get attacked by disease.
5. Unfavourable climatic conditions:- Extreme of climatic conditions such as rainfall, temperature, wind etc could predispose animals to disease attack.
6. Poor Housing:- If animals are not properly housed and are exposed to heavy rainfall and high temperature, they could easily be attacked by diseases and parasitic infestations can also break out.
7. Stress Conditions:- Conditions or pressures caused by difficulties in life can predispose animals to disease attack.
8. Breeds of animals:- Poor breeds of animals can easily be prone to disease attack as against the good breeds.
RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Disease resistance is the ability of the animal to withstand the attack of by a pathogen and remain healthy.
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE RESISTANCE OF ANIMAL TO DISEASE
1. Development of immunity
2. Species of animal
3. Inoculation
4. Level of feeding
5. Age of animal
6. Physiological condition of the animal
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ANIMAL DISEASES
1. Poor growth is achieved
2. Poor food utilization
3. Low yield of productivity.
4. Low income to expecting farmer
5. Poor quality of animal products
6. Death of livestock
METHODS OF PREVENTING DISEASES
1. Quarantine – New stock being brought to the farm should be separated from the animals originally on the farm for proper scrutiny.
2. Vaccination – Farm animals should be vaccinated at the right time and doses to give them immunity against pathogenic organisms.
3. Hygiene – Good hygiene must be taken to prevent infection of farm animals. This involves cleaning of pens, watering and feeding equipment, disposal of waste and regular disinfection.
4. Good feeding – Animals should be properly fed in order to resist diseases attack.
5. Breeding – Diseases resistant stocks should be bred on the farm.
6. Rotational grazing – It makes building up of parasites to be avoided.
7. Isolation – All sick animals should be isolated from healthy ones.
Presentation :
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1: The class teacher revises the old topic
Step 2: The class teacher introduces the new topic
Step 3: The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own contributions and gives room for pupils” participation
Class Teacher and Pupils Activities. Interaction or Participation
This involves class teacher and pupils’ interaction, conversation, imitation or modeling through discussion, play method or just by recitation or asking and answering questions that are related to the topic that has just been taught.
EVALUATION
- Define livestock diseases.
- Define immunity
- Explain Quarantine
- Explain rotational grazing
- State the economic importance farm animal diseases
- What is disease resistant?
- What is susceptibility to disease?
- List four classes of animal disease
- List three factors that determine resistant to diseases.
Conclusion :
The class teacher concludes the lesson by giving the pupils some notes on the topic that has just been taught. He goes round to mark and he does the necessary corrections.
