REQUIREMENTS OF FARM ANIMALS
Subject :
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
Term :
SECOND TERM
Week:
WEEK 6
Class :
Primary 5
Topic :
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RAISING FARM ANIMALS
Previous lesson:
The pupils have previous knowledge of
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
that was taught as a topic in the previous lesson
Behavioural objectives :
At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- Explain the meaning
Instructional Materials:
- Wall charts
- Pictures
- Related Online Video
- Flash Cards
Methods of Teaching:
- Class Discussion
- Group Discussion
- Asking Questions
- Explanation
- Role Modelling
- Role Delegation
Reference Materials:
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
- Workbooks
Content :
ANIMAL PRODUCTION – HOW TO RAISE LIVESTOCK
Growing animals should receive adequate medical treatment to protect them from diseases and pests.
A veterinary doctor should visit the farm regularly to observe the animals for any symptom. Those that are sick should be given adequate medication by:
- Mixing drugs with feeds,
- Injecting animals,
- Mixing drugs with drinking water,
- Spraying animals with pesticides
A CLEAN FARM ENVIRONMENT
A clean farm environment is necessary for the prevention of diseases. This is achieved by:
- Having good animal houses,
- Keeping the animal houses clean,
- Disinfecting the animal houses regularly
- Cleaning the drinking and feeding troughs daily.
Steps in raising farm animals
There are many steps involved in raising farm animals, right from when they are young, till when they are old or mature and are ready for marketing. These steps can be generally grouped into housing, feeding, health care and handling for marketing.
Procedure for raising cattle
Cattle are large farm animals with or without (big) horns which are reared for milk and meat. They are mostly found in the northern part of the country. They are raised using the following procedure:
Health management
Cattle pens should be cleaned regularly. Feed troughs should be emptied and cleaned before fresh feed is added. Water troughs should be washed daily and clean fresh water supplied. Old beddings should be removed and replaced with fresh ones. Veterinary doctors should be invited regularly for routine health check and care of animals. Ticks and other ectoparasites should be removed occasionally from the animals by dipping them in appropriate chemical. Sick animals should be isolated and dead ones removed from the pen for burial.
Marketing
Mature cattle should be sold alive in the field. They may be transported in vehicles or made to trek to distant markets in other parts of the country for sale. Mature cattle are also slaughtered in abattoirs and sold for beef. Stocking Weaned calves should be purchased for rearing. Farmers usually purchase more female calves than male calves in order to increase the opportunity of getting many young animals in future for the herd.Housing
Cattle require little housing facilities. They are kept mostly in the open field to graze and rest under the shade of trees.
Rearers move them from one place to another in search of pasture. This is known as the nomadic system of cattle rearing.
Milking and nursing cows require some form of housing or shelter. The house should be well ventilated and have sufficient space for the milker and the young ones.
Feeding
Cattle feed more on grasses and legumes in the pastures.
Rearers usually move them around the fields to graze and drink from streams, lakes or troughs. In some places, cattle are kept in ranches and grazed in rotation. Concentrates may be served In addition to the green pastures.
Concentrates are served in feeding troughs at special locations. Silage and hay/straw is served during the dry season. Plenty of clean drinking water and salt lick are also provided for the animals to trek to distant markets in other parts of the country for sale. Mature cattle are also slaughtered in abattoirs and sold for beef.
Water Kids and lambs should be supplied with clean drinking water in troughs in their mothers’ pens.HousingKids and lambs should be made to stay with their mothers in confinement in their mothers’ pens where they should be fed with grass, peelings and concentrates. Pens should be kept clean, dry and warm always.
Medical
Water Kids and lambs should be supplied with clean drinking water in troughs in their mothers’ pens.Medication
Veterinary doctors should be called to check the kids and lambs for good health.
Clean environment
This can be provided in the following ways:
1. Keep the pens clean always and replace used beddings.
2. Clean the feeding and drinking troughs regularly.
3. Keep pasture grass low and fresh
Veterinary doctors should be called to check the kids and lambs for good health.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Evaluation
- Mention three ways a vet doctor gives farm animals medication
- List two ways of cleaning the animal houses
- Explain how to care for sick animals
- State the steps in raising livestock
- Mention four needs of growing animals
- Do growing animals need good water
- Do farm animals need balanced diet
- Must farm animals be kept in a well ventilated area for free flow of air.
HABITATS OF COMMON ANIMALS EXPLANATION:
Distribution of Farm Animals and Factors Affecting the Distribution
FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018. Basic Five
Conclusion
The class teacher wraps up or concludes the lesson by giving out short notes to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
