THE LAND AND THE SOIL

 

 

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE THIRD TERM E NOTES FOR BASIC FOUR

 

 

Subject :

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

 

 

Topic :

 

THE LAND AND THE SOIL

 

Class :

BASIC FOUR / PRIMARY 4 / GRADE 4

 

 

 First  Term  

 

 

WEEK 2 

 

 

LEARNING MATERIALS

• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Explanatory posters/pictures
• Explanatory videos

 

Instructional Materials :

• Lagos State Scheme of Work.
• Online Materials.
• Textbooks
• Workbooks
• Different types of soil

 

 

Previous Knowledge :

The pupils have been taught

METHOD OF FARM PRODUCE PRESERVATION CONT.

in their previous lesson

 

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson , pupils should be able to

 

1. Say the meaning of land

2. Narrate the uses of soil

3. The Types of soil

4. Say the Characteristics of Types of Soil

5. Point out The Component of soil

 

Content :

 

THE LAND AND THE SOIL

The land is the fee gift of a nature. It is available for commercial and agricultural purposes.

Soil is the upper layer of earth that supports both plants and animals growth.

 

Soil is the Material in the top layer of the surface of the earth in which plants can grow and animals can exist. Soil support the existence of living things

 

TYPES OF SOIL

 

Soil is divided into three parts based on their physical composition, water retention capacity and how well they can retain water. The types of soil are as follow

Sandy soil

Clay soil.

Loamy soil.

 

SANDY SOIL

Sandy soil is a loose material made up of tiny particles. They are made up of sand These tiny particles consist of grains of rock (clay or mud). Sandy soil is not good for growing crops because it does not contain decayed animal and plants materials that should enrich the soil. However sandy soil is superb for construction of roads, bridges and houses

 

CLAY SOIL

Clay soil is a very fine-grained, smooth soil that can be moulded when wet (moist) and hard when the water in it dries up. It water retention capacity is very high. It can absorb and hold water. It is not good for planting but it can be used for molding clay pots, plates and sculpture

 

LOAMY SOIL

Loamy soil is a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials (dead plants and animals). It is the best soil for crops growing and can hold enough water. Plant thrive well when they are planted on loamy soil because the soil is enriched with a lot of micro nutrients and dead decaying matter

 

COMPONENTS OF SOIL

Soil is made up of the following components:

Mineral matters or inorganic matters (45%)

Organic matter (5%)

Soil water (25%)

Soil air (25%)

Living organisms (insignificance)

 

 

Presentation

The topic is presented step by step

 

Step 1:

The class teacher revises the previous topics

 

Step 2.

He introduces the new topic

 

Step 3:

The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise

 

LEARNERS ACTIVITIES

Learners participate in the class discussion

Learners practice how to identify soil

Evaluation:-

Mention four  things that will make plants to grow

1. ___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________
4. ___________________

1. Say the meaning of land

2.  What is soil

3. Mention three types of soil

4. Say four characteristics of sandy soil

5. Point out characteristics of clay soil

6. Mention four components of soil

 

Conclusion :

 

The teacher summarize the lesson. He or she gives out a board summary of the topic as note . He or she goes round to mark and does the necessary corrections