Statistics : Definition and Methods of collecting data
Subject : MATHEMATICS
Class : JSS 1
Term :THIRD TERM
Week : WEEK NINE
Reference Materials
- Scheme of Work
- Online Information
- Textbooks
- Workbooks
- 9 Year Basic Education Curriculum
Previous Knowledge :
The pupils have previous knowledge of
Behavioural Objectives : At the end of the lesson, the pupils should be able to
- say the essence of statistics
- define data
- construct pictogram , bar-chart, pie chart and histogram
WEEK NINE
TOPIC: DATA STATISTICS REPRESENTATION
CONTENT:
- Definition
- Method of collecting data
- Classification of data
DEFINITION
- Statistics: is the branch of study of data. It involves (a) Gathering (i.e. collecting) data (b) sorting and tabulating data (c) presenting data visually by means of diagrams.
- Data: (SINGULAR DATUM) means information which are usually given in the form of meaningful. Data may be categorized into quantitative and qualitative
- Quantitative data: a numerical data, which is usually given in the form of a number or measurement is called quantitative data e.g. number of cars, height, number of towns etc. quantitative date is either discrete or continuous.
- Discrete data: are data which can be obtained by counting (not by measurement). Discrete data can only exact values such as whole numbers. E.g. 2 boys, 3 houses etc. hence discrete data have definite or exact values
- Continuous Data: are data that can be obtained by measurement (not by counting). Continuous data can take any values within a given range. E.g. height 1.6cm, height 40.56cm etc.
- Qualitative Date: this is a non-numerical value which is concerned with qualities such as names, places, color, taste, opinions, brightness etc.
METHOD OF COLLECTING DATA
There are two discrete ways of collecting data. These are (a) by carrying out experiment (b) by survey
- By Carrying out Experiments: Data can be obtained from experimental work carried out in the laboratories by students or scientist for example, various measurements, such as temperature, pressure, weight and height of an object can be obtained by setting up an experiments.
- By Survey: This collection of information or data on a subject. A survey may be carried out by using the existing published data, making observation and asking questions.
- Using existing published data: Existing data may be obtained from libraries, schools, newspaper, and government’s publications such as annual abstract of statistics, stake statistics, employment gazettes, books journals and other publications.
- Making Observation: This method involves collecting data by observation e.g. you can do a round traffic survey by counting and recording the various types of vehicles that ply a particular road.
- Asking questions: You can ask other people questions to obtain their views or vital information in two ways: i. by interviewing them ii. By giving those questionnaires to fill in their response.
- By Interviewing: This involves asking other people questions in order to obtain vital information or strict pattern or information, in which the questions asked only general formal but the order or the way the questions are presented can vary. It must be noted that the interviewers must avoid bias, misleading ambiguous and offensive questions.
- Questionnaires: This is the most popular method of collecting data. Questionnaires are list of questions designed to obtain or discover particular information in a survey. In questionnaires, everyone is asked the same questions. The questionnaires may be given directly to an individual or sent to them by post to fill in their response. The main advantage of postal questionnaires is that it can be sent to many people in another towns or cities.
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA
Data can be obtained either by direct collection from respondents or form a data bank of a data collection agency. Data collected directly from information’s are called
- Primary Data: are those from data banks are called secondary data.
- Secondary Data: these are obtained from data collection agencies, engaged in routine data collection for research and planning some of these agencies include:
- Federal Office of Statistics (FOS) Principal agency
- Central Bank of Nigeria
- Statistics units of Ministries/Parastatals
- Commercial Companies/ Industries.
Presentation
The topic is presented step by step
Step 1:
The class teacher revises the previous topics
Step 2.
He introduces the new topic
Step 3:
The class teacher allows the pupils to give their own examples and he corrects them when the needs arise
Evaluation
- Explain briefly with an example (i) Discrete data (ii) Continuous data
- Mention two major ways that data can be collected.
- Name two broad ways of classification of data
- Mention two agencies we can collect secondary data
- Michael Alabi obtained the following scores in a Basic Technology examination:65, 72, 58, 82, 74, 64, 78, 70, 80, 75, 68Arrange these scores:
- In ascending order
- In descending order
- Which one of the following is a discrete data A. 1.25 B. 425 C. 834 D. 5
- Data that is written in random order is called A. qualitative data B. raw data C. quantitative data D. discrete data E. continuous data
- Which of the following must a questionnaires be? A. simple B. misleading C. ambiguous D. irrelevant E. offensive
- We can represent data by _____________ A. line B. dist C. number D. picture E. double lines
- Statistics deals majorly on ___________ A. building B. dancing C. data D. fish E. animals
THEORY
- Mention 3 things you must avoid when designing a questionnaires
- In carrying out a survey, mention two ways, you can obtain information from people.
Conclusion :
The class teacher wraps up or conclude the lesson by giving out short note to summarize the topic that he or she has just taught.
The class teacher also goes round to make sure that the notes are well copied or well written by the pupils.
He or she does the necessary corrections when and where the needs arise.
:
