GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA USING PICTOGRAM, PIE CHARTS AND BAR CHARTS

WEEK 10

TOPIC: GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA USING PICTOGRAM, PIE CHARTS AND BAR CHARTS

CONTENT:

i) The Pictogrami

Ii) The bar charts

iii) The pie charts

INTRODUCTION

A frequency table is a numerical presentation of data in an organized summary from.

Diagrams, symbols and pictures sometimes catch the eye more quickly than the number.

They also tell stories more easily than numbers. It is also observed that it is easier to understand frequency table than the raw data, another method of presenting data, which most graphical find easier than table, is observe method. Graphs help us to observe any patterns easily. Examples of these graphs are pictogram, bar chart, line graph and pie chart.

 

THE PICTOGRAM

This uses pictures to represent statistics information or data. The pictogram is also called an ideograph. A pictogram uses pictures or drawings to give a quick and easy meaning to statistical data. A pictogram is a simple way of representing data in which a number of indentical drawings or pictures and used to show the data. It is useful to use pictures which can easily be divided into halves, quarters and do on. A pictogram must have a key to show that each picture stands for. Also you need to give the diagram a title

Example: The following table shows the favorite sports of 75 students

Represent the data in the form of a pictogram.

 

Favourite sports Frequency

Football 25

Wrestling 10

Boxing 5

Table Tennis 15

Swimming 20

Evaluation Question

The following table shows the number of students in JSS 1 in different houses at a certain school.

Represent the data in the form of a pictogram

 

House	Blue	Yellow	Green	Purple
Students	16	14	11	21

 

 

 

THE BAR CHARTS

Bar chart is very like a pictogram. The bars have the same width and usually have equal spaces between them. Instead of using pictures as in case of the pictogram, we must use a bar to represent the frequency of each of the item. In drawing a bar chart, we must take the following features into consideration.

1. The charts consists of bars
2. The bars must be of equal width
3. The lengths of the bars are in proportion of the frequencies being represented. The bars may be vertical or horizontal

 

Example

The following figures show the number of children per family in a sample of 40 households

1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 8, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6,

5, 4, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 8, 7, 6, 5,

4, 5, 7, 6, 3, 8, 6, 3, 5, 7, 5, 4, 3

1. Prepare a frequency table for this data
2. Draw a bar chart to illustrate the above data

 

Solution 

1. Frequency table

No of children per family	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
frequency	2	5	9	7	7	4	3	3

 

(b)

Evaluation Question 

The table below shows different colours of cars found in a company’s car park. Draw a bar chart for this data.

Colour of cars	White	Blue	Red	Grey	black
Frequency	20	17	10	8	15

 

 

THE PIE CHART

A pie chart is a circle, which is divided into slices (i.e sectors) whose angles are used to display data.

The size of an angle of each sector gives the frequency of each value. The major advantage of a pie chart is that it enables us to see clearly how the size of parts are compared in relation to one another and to the overall total. It is important to label each sector according to the given items and also give pie chart a little.

Example: A student was given N600.00 in June as a pocket money. He spent the money as follows:

Food = N200.00

Transport = N100.00

Books = N120.00

Rent = N150.00

Miscellaneous = N30.00

 

Draw a pie chart to illustrate the data.

Solution 

There are 360o in a full circle and the total amount spent was N600.00 this means N600.00 is represented by 360o; N1 is represented by 360°600 = 0.6

= 200 x 0.6

= 120o

 

Items	Amount Spent in Naira (N)	Angle
Food	200	200 x 0.6 = 120o
Transport	100	100 x 0.6 = 60o
Books	120	120 x 0.6 = 72o
Rent	150	150 x 0.6 = 90o
Miscellaneous	30	30 x 0.6 = 18o
TOTAL	600	360o

120o + 60o + 72o + 90o + 18o = 360o

GENERAL EVALUATION QUESTION 

400 students were asked whether they liked yam, cornflakes, bread, rice or some other type of food for breakfast, the following data was recorded.

Type of Food	Yam	Cornflakes	Bread	Rice	Other	Total
Frequency	65	110	80	120	25	400

Draw a bar and a pie chart to represent this information

 

 

 

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT 

1. Which of the following is not a pictorial form of presenting data?A. Bar chart    B. Pie chart    C. Frequency distribution     D. Line graph

The pie chart below shows the course which a group of students are doing. Use the pie chart to answer questions 2 to 5

1. What is the value of angle xo?     A. 20o      B. 30o     C. 40o      D. 35o
2. Which course most students doing?      A. Engineering     B. Accounting     C. Law      D. Medicine
3. Which course has the least number of students?    A. Engineering     B. Accounting     C. Law      D. Medicine
4. What fraction of the students are doing Engineering?     A. 23      B. 14      C. 13       D. 16

 

THEORY

1. 40 youths who were admitted into a mental hospital due to drug abuse were asked to name the types of drugs they often take. The table shows how they replied.

Indian hemp 35%

Morphine 20%

Heroine 15%

Cocaine 30%

1. Represent this information in a pie chart

Find the number of youths in each category