MEANING, TYPES OF FOOD AND BASIC FOOD GROUPS

MEANING, TYPES OF FOOD AND BASIC FOOD GROUPS

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Food
2. Different Types of Food
3. Basic Food Groups

 

Meaning of Food

Food is any substance which when taken into the body of living organism is capable of maintaining growth and development. It regulates the body functions and controls harmful or dangerous substances that might enter into the body.

Different Types of Food

	Rice	Eggs
	Garri	Vegetables
	Semovita	Yam
	Bread	Beans
	Tea	Porridge

Basic Food Groups

It is necessary to classify food types into groups. There are five groups.

1. Milk and milk producer group
2. Meat group
3. Fruits and vegetable group
4. Bread and cereal group
5. Tuber group

 

EVALUATION

1. What is food?
2. How many classes of food do we have? List them.
3. Name some foods you know.

MEANING AND CLASSES OF FOOD

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Food
2. Classes of Food

Meaning of Food

Food is any substance which when taken into the body, serves to nourish and build up tissues as well as provide needed energy.

Classes of Food

There are six classes of food, namely:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats and oil
4. Mineral salts
5. Vitamins
6. Water

	Classes of Food	Sources	Functions
	Carbohydrate	yam, garri, cassava, yam flour, maize, wheat, potato	Provides the body with energy
	Proteins	meat, beans, fish, soya beans, eggs, peanuts, cheese, chicken.	For growth and repair of body tissues.
	Fats and oils	palm oils, groundnuts oil, butter, margarine, sardine, pork, egusi oil, cod liver oil	Provides the body with heat and energy for daily activities.
	Mineral salts	milk, meat, liver, cheese, vegetable and sea foods	Proper functioning of the body.
	Water	rain, spring, brooks, vegetables, fruits, beverages and tea	For easy digestion and maintenance of body fluid.
	Vitamins	liver, eggs, fish, oil, citrus, and tomatoes	For protection against diseases.

 

EVALUATION

1. How many groups can we classify food?
2. What are the functions of classes of food?

THE IMPORTANCE OF FOOD

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Food
2. Importance of Food

 

Meaning of Food

Food is anything we eat whether solid or liquid that nourishes the body.

Importance of Food

Food is important for the following reasons:

1. Food eliminates hunger
2. It provides energy for various physical activities
3. It enhances growth
4. It is a resistance to disease
5. Food makes one to recover from illness
6. It serves as a source of income
7. It is eaten for the purpose of adequate nutrition
8. Food makes for healthy living

 

EVALUATION

1. What is food?
2. What are the importance of food?

PATHOGENS, DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

CONTENT

1. Meaning of Communicable Diseases
2. Meaning of Disease
3. Meaning of Pathogens
4. Types of Diseases

 

Meaning of Communicable Diseases

These are diseases that can be transferred from one person to another.

Meaning of Disease

A disease is a state in which one departs from normal functioning state of the body and is unwell.

Meaning of Pathogens

Disease causing organisms are called pathogens, or more commonly as germs, “Most pathogens are microscopic and are referred to as microbes or micro-organisms. Examples are, bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa, parasitic warms.

Types of Diseases

1. Air-borne diseases
2. Food borne diseases
3. Insect borne diseases
4. Contagious and sexually transmitted diseases
5. Water-borne diseases

 

EVALUATION

1. What is disease?
2. Describe pathogens and give examples.
3. List five types of diseases.

DISEASES CAUSED BY PATHOGENS

CONTENT

1. Diseases Caused by Pathogens
2. Effects of Diseases on Athletes’ Performance in Physical Activities
3. Common Athletes’ Infection

 

Diseases Caused by Pathogens

The following are the diseases caused by pathogens:

1. Typhoid
2. Diarrhoea
3. Tuberculosis
4. Syphilis
5. Chicken pox
6. Dysentery
7. Cholera
8. Measles
9. Influenza
10. Mumps
11. Common cold

Effects of Diseases on Athletes’ Performance in Physical Activities

Diseases have some negative effects in athletes’ performance in physical activities. The following are some of them:

1. Decreased performance
2. Muscle wasting
3. Impaired motor coordination
4. Circulation deregulation
5. Unexpected death
6. Severe injuries

Common Athletes’ Infection

The following are common athletes’ infections:

1. Viral hepatitis
2. Leptospirosis
3. Gastroenteritis
4. Bacterial infections
5. Herpes
6. Myocarditis

 

EVALUATION

1. What are the effects of disease on athlete’s performance in physical activities?
2. Mention 3 common athletes’ infections.

CAUSES OF DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

CONTENT

1. Causes of Diseases
2. Preventive Measures against Diseases

 

Causes of Diseases

Diseases are caused by the following factors:

1. Inadequate nutrition
2. Lack of Exercise
3. Dirty environment
4. Use of unsafe water
5. Improper disposal of sewage and refuse
6. Not seeking and getting treatment on time
7. Overcrowding and poor ventilation
8. Bad/poor health habits
9. Ignorance

Preventive Measures against Diseases

Diseases can be prevented in the following ways:

1. Adequate nutrition
2. Adequate warm up and Exercise
3. Clean environment
4. Use of safe water
5. Proper disposal of sewage and refuse
6. Seeking and getting treatment on time
7. Avoid Overcrowding and poor ventilation
8. Good hygiene
9. Health education
10. Immunization
11. Vaccination

 

EVALUATION

1. Identify health habits or practices that could lead to outbreak of diseases in your school community.
2. As a student, how would you prevent outbreak of infectious diseases in your school?